Before:
Suddenly, capacitors:
Listening to it, I can say that it sounds "faster" if that makes any sense.
Next, I might try to replace the current L/R opamp (TD1308) to the OPA2365 or completely bypass it and use it solely as a DAC.
EDIT: I don't know if it's all in my mind, but I dare say it's handing bass better now. Before, it would start distorting a little before I had my amp at a good loud volume. Now the bass is being handled better with no detectable distortion.
